Timely and invigorating, this book explores how blockchain technology is disrupting economies and transforming societies. It offers detailed insights into the synergistic and complementary effects of blockchain and other new and emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, satellite imagery and digital twins. The Rise of Blockchains highlights how the developments of ecosystems around blockchain are helping to realize the potential of this technology to act as a ‘trust machine’ across more contexts and settings. Multidisciplinary in both scope and perspectives, the book looks at blockchain’s potential for impacting challenges in supply chain management, security, privacy and compliancy issues, and transforming payment and settlement systems. It further provides insights into the opportunities, barriers, and enablers of blockchain adoption by organizations. With a focus on both theoretical and practical knowledge related to blockchain, this will be an important read for business and management scholars, particularly those focusing on organization studies, information systems, and supply chain management. It will also be a useful book for economics students and economists working with cryptocurrencies.

Timely and invigorating, this book explores how blockchain technology is disrupting economies and transforming societies. It offers detailed insights into the synergistic and complementary effects of blockchain and other new and emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, satellite imagery and digital twins. The Rise of Blockchains highlights how the developments of ecosystems around blockchain are helping to realize the potential of this technology to act as a 'trust machine' across more contexts and settings. Multidisciplinary in both scope and perspectives, the book looks at blockchain's potential for impacting challenges in supply chain management, security, privacy and compliancy issues, and transforming payment and settlement systems. It further provides insights into the opportunities, barriers, and enablers of blockchain adoption by organizations. With a focus on both theoretical and practical knowledge related to blockchain, this will be an important read for business and management scholars, particularly those focusing on organization studies, information systems, and supply chain management. It will also be a useful book for economics students and economists working with cryptocurrencies.

This book provides a framework for evaluating big data and cloud computing based on how they evolve to fit users' needs in developing countries in key areas, such as agriculture and education. The authors discuss how this framework can be utilized by businesses, governments, and consumers to accelerate economic growth and overcome information and communication barriers. By examining the ways in which cloud computing can drive social, economic, and environmental transformation, readers gain a nuanced understanding of the opportunities and challenges these technologies offer. The authors also provide an authoritative and up-to-date account of big data's diffusion into a wide range of developing economies, such as Brazil and China, illustrating key concepts through in-depth case studies. Special attention is paid to economic development in the context of the new Sustainable Development Goals formulated by the United Nations, introducing readers to the most modern standard of economic evaluation. Students of information management, entrepreneurship, and development, as well as policy makers, researchers, and practitioners, will find Big Data and Cloud Computing for Development an interesting read and a useful reference source.

This second edition of a Choice Outstanding Academic Title improves coverage of the global environments in which entrepreneurs operate. In Global Entrepreneurship: Environment and Strategy, Nir Kshetri explores and illuminates the economic, political, cultural, geographical, and technological environments that affect entrepreneurs as they exploit opportunities and create value in economies around the world. Grounded in theory, the book begins by laying out the concepts, indicators, and measurements that have unique impacts on entrepreneurs in different regions. This framework sets the scene for a close examination of global variations in entrepreneurial ecosystems and finance. Kshetri methodically examines entrepreneurship patterns in diverse economies through the lenses of economic system, political system, culture and religion, and geography (both by country and continent) - and for the first time, includes an entire chapter on entrepreneurship in Latin America. All new for this edition, Global Entrepreneurship offers case studies at the end of each chapter to illustrate relevant concepts, as well as two detailed cases in an appendix, to encourage broader reflection.

This book explains how major world economies are recognizing the need for a major push in cyber policy environments. It helps readers understand why these nations are committing substantial resources to cybersecurity, and to the development of standards, rules and guidelines in order to address cyber-threats and catch up with global trends and technological developments. A key focus is on specific countries' engagement in cyberattacks and the development of cyber-warfare capabilities. Further, the book demonstrates how a nation's technological advancement may not necessarily lead to cyber-superiority. It covers cybersecurity issues with regard to conflicts that shape relationships between major economies, and explains how attempts to secure the cyber domain have been hampered by the lack of an international consensus on key issues and concepts. The book also reveals how some economies are now facing a tricky trade-off between economically productive uses of emerging technologies and an enhanced cybersecurity profile. In the context of current paradigms related to the linkages between security and trade/investment, it also delves into new perspectives that are being brought to light by emerging cybersecurity issues.

This book provides a framework for evaluating big data and cloud computing based on how they evolve to fit users' needs in developing countries in key areas, such as agriculture and education. The authors discuss how this framework can be utilized by businesses, governments, and consumers to accelerate economic growth and overcome information and communication barriers. By examining the ways in which cloud computing can drive social, economic, and environmental transformation, readers gain a nuanced understanding of the opportunities and challenges these technologies offer. The authors also provide an authoritative and up-to-date account of big data's diffusion into a wide range of developing economies, such as Brazil and China, illustrating key concepts through in-depth case studies. Special attention is paid to economic development in the context of the new Sustainable Development Goals formulated by the United Nations, introducing readers to the most modern standard of economic evaluation. Students of information management, entrepreneurship, and development, as well as policy makers, researchers, and practitioners, will find Big Data and Cloud Computing for Development an interesting read and a useful reference source.

This book explains how major world economies are recognizing the need for a major push in cyber policy environments. It helps readers understand why these nations are committing substantial resources to cybersecurity, and to the development of standards, rules and guidelines in order to address cyber-threats and catch up with global trends and technological developments. A key focus is on specific countries' engagement in cyberattacks and the development of cyber-warfare capabilities. Further, the book demonstrates how a nation's technological advancement may not necessarily lead to cyber-superiority. It covers cybersecurity issues with regard to conflicts that shape relationships between major economies, and explains how attempts to secure the cyber domain have been hampered by the lack of an international consensus on key issues and concepts. The book also reveals how some economies are now facing a tricky trade-off between economically productive uses of emerging technologies and an enhanced cybersecurity profile. In the context of current paradigms related to the linkages between security and trade/investment, it also delves into new perspectives that are being brought to light by emerging cybersecurity issues.

The Internet's rapid diffusion and digitization of economic activities have led to the emergence of a new breed of criminals. Economic, political, and social impacts impacts of these cyber-criminals' activities have received considerable attention in recent years. Individuals, businesses, and governments rightfully worry about the security of their systems, networks, and IT infrastructures. Looking at the patterns of cybercrimes, it is apparent that many underlying assumptions about crimes are ?awed, unrealistic, and implausible to explain this new form of criminality. The empirical records regarding crime patterns and stra- gies to avoid and ?ght crimes run counter to the functioning of the cyberworld. The ?elds of hacking and cybercrime have also undergone political, social, and psychological metamorphosis. The cybercrime industry is a comparatively young area of inquiry. While there has been an agreement that the global cybercrime industry is tremendously huge, little is known about its exact size and structure. Very few published studies have examined economic and institutional factors that in?uence strategies and behaviors of various actors associated with the cybercrime industry. Theorists are also debating as to the best way to comprehend the actions of cyber criminals and hackers and the symbiotic relationships they have with various players.

Products and services based on advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and blockchain are normally considered to be for rich consumers in advanced countries. Fourth Revolution and the Bottom Four Billion demonstrates how marginalized and vulnerable groups with limited resources can also benefit from these technologies. Nir Kshetri suggests that the falling costs and the increased ease of developing and deploying applications based on these technologies are making them more accessible. He illustrates how key emerging technologies are transforming major industries and application areas such as healthcare and pandemic preparedness, agriculture, finance, banking, and insurance. The book also looks at how these transformations are affecting the lives of low-income people in low- and middle-income countries and highlights the areas needing regulatory attention to adequately protect marginalized and vulnerable groups from the abuse and misuse of these technologies. Kshetri discusses how various barriers such as the lack of data, low resource languages, underdeveloped technology infrastructures, lack of computing power and shortage of skill and talent have hindered the adoption of these technologies among marginalized and vulnerable groups. Fourth Revolution and the Bottom Four Billion suggests that it is the responsibility of diverse stakeholders—governments, NGOs, international development organizations, academic institutions, the private sector, and others—to ensure that marginal groups also benefit from these transformative innovations.

The Internet's rapid diffusion and digitization of economic activities have led to the emergence of a new breed of criminals. Economic, political, and social impacts impacts of these cyber-criminals' activities have received considerable attention in recent years. Individuals, businesses, and governments rightfully worry about the security of their systems, networks, and IT infrastructures. Looking at the patterns of cybercrimes, it is apparent that many underlying assumptions about crimes are ?awed, unrealistic, and implausible to explain this new form of criminality. The empirical records regarding crime patterns and stra- gies to avoid and ?ght crimes run counter to the functioning of the cyberworld. The ?elds of hacking and cybercrime have also undergone political, social, and psychological metamorphosis. The cybercrime industry is a comparatively young area of inquiry. While there has been an agreement that the global cybercrime industry is tremendously huge, little is known about its exact size and structure. Very few published studies have examined economic and institutional factors that in?uence strategies and behaviors of various actors associated with the cybercrime industry. Theorists are also debating as to the best way to comprehend the actions of cyber criminals and hackers and the symbiotic relationships they have with various players.

This second edition of a Choice Outstanding Academic Title improves coverage of the global environments in which entrepreneurs operate. In Global Entrepreneurship: Environment and Strategy, Nir Kshetri explores and illuminates the economic, political, cultural, geographical, and technological environments that affect entrepreneurs as they exploit opportunities and create value in economies around the world. Grounded in theory, the book begins by laying out the concepts, indicators, and measurements that have unique impacts on entrepreneurs in different regions. This framework sets the scene for a close examination of global variations in entrepreneurial ecosystems and finance. Kshetri methodically examines entrepreneurship patterns in diverse economies through the lenses of economic system, political system, culture and religion, and geography (both by country and continent) - and for the first time, includes an entire chapter on entrepreneurship in Latin America. All new for this edition, Global Entrepreneurship offers case studies at the end of each chapter to illustrate relevant concepts, as well as two detailed cases in an appendix, to encourage broader reflection.

This book discusses the unique and unusual characteristics of the blockchain and the industries and markets affected by this technology in the Global South. Its main objectives are to 1) provide a comprehensive review of economic, health, social, political, entrepreneurial, and environmental impacts of blockchain, 2) present evidence from countries, industries, and firms to broaden the understanding of the contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes associated with blockchain projects, and 3) analyze the enablers and opportunities that can be tapped and barriers that may impede the implementation of blockchain projects in these economies. Given that in many way blockchain has a much higher value proposition for economies in the Global South than for their counterparts in the more developed Global North, it has the potential to make up for the lack of effective formal institutions — rules, laws, regulations, and their enforcement — as well as improve administrative aspects, such as maintenance of standards, monitoring and compliance. This work fills a gap in scholarly research and will appeal to researchers interested in the potential of blockchain to boost entrepreneurship, reshape governance, improve supply chain efficiency, and curb corruption in emerging economies.

Blockchain and Supply Chain Management combines discussions of blockchain and supply chains, linking technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, satellite imagery, and machine vision. The book examines blockchain's basic concepts, relevant theories, and its roles in meeting key supply chain objectives. The book addresses problems related to inefficiency, opacity, and fraud, helping the digitization process, simplifying the value creation process, and facilitating collaboration. The book is balanced between blockchain and supply chain application and theory, covering the latest technological, organizational and regulatory developments in blockchain from a supply chain perspective. The book discusses the opportunities, barriers, and enablers of blockchain in supply chain policy, along with legal and ethical implications. Supply chain management faces massive disruption with the dynamic changes in global trade, the impact of Covid-19, and technological innovation. Entire industries are also being transformed by blockchain, with some of the most promising applications in supply chain management.

Big data involves the use of sophisticated analytics to make decisions based on large-scale data inputs. It is set to transform agriculture, environmental protection and healthcare in developing countries. This book critically evaluates the developing big data industry and market in these countries and gives an overview of the determinants, performance and impacts. It provides a detailed analysis of technology creation, technology infrastructures and human skills required to utilize big data while discussing novel applications and business models that make use of it to overcome healthcare barriers. The book also offers an analysis of big data's potential to improve environmental monitoring and protection where it is likely to have far-reaching and profound impacts on the agricultural sector. A key question addressed is how gains in agricultural productivity associated with big data will benefit smallholder farmers relative to global multinationals in that sector. The book also probes big data's roles in the creation of markets that can improve the welfare of smallholder farmers. Special consideration is given to big data-led transformation of the financial industry and discusses how the transformation can increase small-holder farmers' access to finance by changing the way lenders assess creditworthiness of potential borrowers. It also takes a look at data privacy and security issues facing smallholder farmers and reviews differences in such issues in industrialized and developing countries. The key ideas, concepts and theories presented are explored, illustrated and contrasted through in-depth case studies of developing world-based big data companies, and deployment and utilization of big data in agriculture, environmental protection and healthcare.

Cyberthreats are among the most critical issues facing the world today. Cybersecurity Management draws on case studies to analyze cybercrime at the macro level, and evaluates the strategic and organizational issues connected to cybersecurity. Cross-disciplinary in its focus, orientation, and scope, this book looks at emerging communication technologies that are currently under development to tackle emerging threats to data privacy. Cybersecurity Management provides insights into the nature and extent of cyberthreats to organizations and consumers, and how such threats evolve with new technological advances and are affected by cultural, organizational, and macro-environmental factors. Cybersecurity Management articulates the effects of new and evolving information, communication technologies, and systems on cybersecurity and privacy issues. As the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed, we are all dependent on the Internet as a source for not only information but also person-to-person connection, thus our chances of encountering cyberthreats is higher than ever. Cybersecurity Management aims to increase the awareness of and preparedness to handle such threats among policy-makers, planners, and the public.

Cyberthreats are among the most critical issues facing the world today. Cybersecurity Management draws on case studies to analyze cybercrime at the macro level, and evaluates the strategic and organizational issues connected to cybersecurity. Cross-disciplinary in its focus, orientation, and scope, this book looks at emerging communication technologies that are currently under development to tackle emerging threats to data privacy. Cybersecurity Management provides insights into the nature and extent of cyberthreats to organizations and consumers, and how such threats evolve with new technological advances and are affected by cultural, organizational, and macro-environmental factors. Cybersecurity Management articulates the effects of new and evolving information, communication technologies, and systems on cybersecurity and privacy issues. As the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed, we are all dependent on the Internet as a source for not only information but also person-to-person connection, thus our chances of encountering cyberthreats is higher than ever. Cybersecurity Management aims to increase the awareness of and preparedness to handle such threats among policy-makers, planners, and the public.